Lattice Energy Calculator (Born-Landé Equation)

Calculate the ionic crystal lattice energy (U in kJ/mol) from ionic radii, Madelung constant, and ionic charges.

Input Parameters

Instant Real-time Calculation

Cation Charge (z+)

Anion Charge (|z-|)

Interionic Distance r0 (picometers, pm)

Result Chemistry

Crystal Lattice Energy (U)

-- kJ/mol

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Calculation Logic:

Computes electrostatic potential energy binding gaseous ions into a solid crystalline lattice using the Born-Lande formulation.

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Understanding Lattice Energy Calculator (Born-Landé Equation) & Formula

Mathematical Formula: U = (N_A × M × z+ × z- × e²) / (4πε₀ × r₀) × (1 - 1/n)

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Experimental Lattice Energies of Alkali Halides

Salt	Crystal Structure	Interionic Distance (pm)	Lattice Energy (kJ/mol)
LiF	Rock Salt (NaCl type)	201 pm	1,036 kJ/mol
NaCl	Rock Salt (NaCl type)	282 pm	786 kJ/mol
KCl	Rock Salt (NaCl type)	315 pm	715 kJ/mol
MgO (2:2)	Rock Salt (NaCl type)	212 pm	3,791 kJ/mol

How to Use the Lattice Energy Calculator (Born-Landé Equation)

1 Input cation charge (e.g. +1 for Na⁺, +2 for Mg²⁺).
2 Input anion charge (e.g. 1 for Cl⁻, 2 for O²⁻).
3 Enter interionic separation distance r0 in picometers (pm).
4 Read calculated lattice enthalpy in kJ/mol.

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